Sunday, February 1, 2015

Left... Left... Left Right Left...

Mr. TA starts with the question, "Do you think I am late?"

I hesitantly answer, "Later than 10 o'clock."

"Who do you think is the boss here?"

"All of us..."

"If you all are bosses what have you done in the last 15 minutes?"

Somehow it has been very difficult for us to direct ourselves towards something productive. He asks us to salute him, as it seems none of us can make out of the situation. We attempted a salute, it was completely all over the place. Mr. TA points out there has to be someone whom the others follow. He pokes at out ego for not being able to obey anyone. If you want to be a good master, you have to be a good slave first. I was appointed to orchestrate this regiment. I start hesitantly. I make them stand in two rows, and in unison made them stand at ease, and then at attention. But somehow my misplaced sense of humility (about which I told him later) got in the way. Mr. TA pointed out one cannot afford to try and impress others if one wants to lead men to the warfront. I pass the baton to AV. AV was taken aback. He came in front and started the drill. He turned out incapable of running a military drill. MG took his place. Mr. TA ends the drill with the qualities of a good leader. One who has the ability to take the hard decisions.

Mr. TA showed us what he has been shooting and editing all these days (He has at different times taken out his iPAD and shot us). Mr. TA's  observations, I must say are sharp and precise. He points out to JJ how much of a show off he is. I felt bad for him. He quietly listened to Mr. TA, with a calm resignation in his eyes. I felt it would be very hard for him, but he took it upon him with an open heart. K wanted to watch the video again. She watched through the part where NSH had his voice laid over. NSH is growing in confidence each day. Good to see. He has a bad sense of humour, but he knows how to stand up for what he believes in. Every time when we are in a serious discussion, NSH makes sure he puts across what he believes in. Although his choice of words are not always smart, but he has earned every bit of the respect.

Mr. TA threw at us the challenge to meet up to the standards he reaches. We spend the rest of the day updating the blogs, and a small session where he asked us to spend the night with our cameras.

Metadata literally refers to the 'data about the data'. In terms of photography, it is the data about an image that tells us about the various camera parameters set while capturing the image. It includes information related to the F-stop, shutter speed, ISO, focal length of the lens, colour temperature, etc.

The camera I have been using for the past few months is Canon 600D. It accommodates various user friendly modes to take pictures/videos. It ranges from Manual (M) mode, which lets the user take control of all the parameters. One can use the camera in a Shutter Priority (Tv) mode, which lets the user decide the shutter speed and sets the aperture accordingly based on the camera's judgement of the exposure. The Aperture Priority (Av) mode lets the control of only the aperture opening, the shutter speed gets decided by the camera based on its understanding of the exposure. There are several other modes one can choose from depending upon ones proficiency and understanding of how photography actually works.

Whether it be film or digital sensor, one of the important parameters of image taking is the duration for which the shutter allows the light into the film/sensor. The longer the shutter stays open more the light reaching the film/sensor. It is similar to say a tumbler covered with a lid in the rain. The longer the lid stays open, the more the tumbler is filled with water. The faster the shutter speed, the less the exposure. The unit for shutter speed is in the units of time, i.e., seconds.

Another parameter that decides the amount of light reaching the film/sensor, is the size of the opening through which light has to pass. Taking the previous example, the tumbler in the rain gets filled with more water is the lid is completely removed, less filled if the lid is half closed, and absolutely empty if the lid stays on. So, greater the aperture opening, more the exposure. The aperture opening is denoted by f-stop. F-stop is the ratio between the focal length of the lens and the physical diameter of the aperture opening.

While capturing an image, the light energy falling on the film/sensor is converted into another form of energy. In case of films, the light reacts with the silver salts on it; in case of sensors, it is converted into electrical energy. So in order to get an image with proper exposure the sensitivity of the film/sensor plays a significant role. If the silver salts on the film, or the electrical voltages in the sensor are made more responsive to the light, the exposure will accordingly increase.

The digital cameras come with an exposure meter of its own. Any exposure meter can be set to a particular shutter speed and ISO in order to get the idea of the f-stop that will give us a proper overall exposure of the image. Primarily there are two kinds of exposure meters. Incident exposure meters which are usually for checking the amount of light falling on the subject. The second is reflective exposure meter, the one that digital cameras employ, which tells about the light reaching the camera. Exposure of an image is a relative term. It is always based on the discretion of the photographer. Similarly the concepts of over-exposed and under-exposed are all about relative exposures.

The digital cameras come with various pre-defined picture styles for the user to choose from. It basically provides an inbuilt operation of the camera software to automatically decide upon the brightness, contrast and sharpness of the image. Usually a lot of photographers prefer to set their own picture styles. The less the inbuilt software interferes with the image one takes, the more authentic it stays.

The camera that we use has to be told which colour is to be treated as white. Under different lighting conditions, the camera interprets the colours differently. So it needs to be set accordingly.

White balance for tungsten light. Aperture - f/4.5, Shutter speed - 1/60, ISO - 1600 on Cannon 600D

White balance for fluorescent light. Aperture - f/4.5, Shutter speed - 1/60, ISO - 1600 on Cannon 600D

The quality of an image being captured is determined by several factors. Resolution of an image is the

Latitude a very similar concept and is the limit to which we can overexpose and underexpose the sensor and still achieve an acceptable result. Higher the latitude better the image quality.

Color depth is the number of bits per pixel of a certain color. How much information is stored in a certain color pixel is indicated by the color depth. A 1 bit color would mean monochrome – 2^1 = 2 colors while a 8 bit color would mean 2^8 = 256 colors in the RGB palette. More information would obviously translate to better image reproduction – better image quality. A picture size is an absolute value while resolution is the number of pixels per inch. A histogram represents the exposure levels of the subject that is photographed. RAW is a file format in which there is no processing done and hence detailing can be properly done on a raw image in post production. A raw image has all the minimal processed data to be worked out thus. In the same way a JPEG is a file format but then is a compressed file and a processed file that is lower in size and has a lower dynamic range than what is possible with a RAW image. The color depth is also reduced in a JPEG.

Motion picture photography comprises of taking a number of still pictures in a short time and playing them back one after another in order to give an impression of motion. The number of still shots taken per second is known as the frame rate. As a standard, movies are projected at 24 frames per second. The ratio between the height and the width of an image is known as the aspect ratio.

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